eng utf8 dataset dataset Kevin Megown USDA Forest Service Field Services and Innovation Center Geospatial Office (FSIC-GO) Program Lead: Resource, Mapping, Inventory and Monitoring 801-975-3826 801-975-3478

125 S. State Street, Suite 7105 Salt Lake City UT 84138 US sm.fs.tcc@usda.gov

0800 - 1600 MT, M – F pointOfContact 2025-08-25 ISO 19139 Geographic Information - Metadata - Implementation Specification 2007 2 row 137758 30.000000 column 232743 30.000000 area -14246358.770200 2604056.207800 -14246358.770200 6736796.207800 -7264068.770200 6736796.207800 -7264068.770200 2604056.207800 -10755213.770200 4670426.207800 center 3857 EPSG 6.18.3(9.3.1.2) 2025-04-01 publication v2023-5 Kevin Megown USDA Forest Service Field Services and Innovation Center Geospatial Office (FSIC-GO) Program Lead: Resource, Mapping, Inventory and Monitoring 801-975-3826 801-975-3478

125 S. State Street, Suite 7105 Salt Lake City UT 84138 US sm.fs.tcc@usda.gov

0800 - 1600 MT, M - F originator mapDigital USFS Percent Tree Canopy Cover (Science Version) none USFS Percent Tree Canopy Cover (Science Version) The USDA Forest Service (USFS) builds two versions of percent tree canopy cover data, in order to serve needs of multiple user communities. These datasets encompass conterminous United States (CONUS), Coastal Alaska, Hawaii, and Puerto Rico and U.S. Virgin Islands (PRUSVI). The two versions of data within the v2023-5 TCC product suite include: The initial model outputs referred to as the Science data; And a modified version built for the National Land Cover Database and referred to as NLCD data. The Science data - the focus of this metadata - are the initial annual model outputs that consist of two images: percent tree canopy cover (TCC) and standard error. These data are best suited for users who will carry out their own detailed statistical and uncertainty analyses on the dataset, and place lower priority on the visual appearance of the dataset for cartographic purposes. Datasets for the years 1985 through 2023 are available. The Science data were produced using a random forest regression algorithm. TCC pixel values range from 0 to 100 percent. The value 254 represents the non-processing area mask where no cloud or cloud shadow-free data are available to produce an output, and 255 represents the background value. The Science data are accessible for multiple user communities, through multiple channels and platforms. For information on the NLCD TCC data and processing steps see the NLCD metadata. Information on the Science data and processing steps are included here. Data Download and Methods Documents: - https://data.fs.usda.gov/geodata/rastergateway/treecanopycover/ The goal of this project is to provide CONUS and OCONUS with complete, current and consistent public domain tree canopy cover information. Funding for this project was provided by the U.S. Forest Service (USFS). RedCastle Resources produced the dataset under contract to the USFS Field Services and Innovation Center Geospatial Office (FSIC-GO). completed Kevin Megown USDA Forest Service Field Services and Innovation Center Geospatial Office (FSIC-GO) Program Lead: Resource, Mapping, Inventory and Monitoring 801-975-3826 801-975-3478

125 S. State Street, Suite 7105 Salt Lake City UT 84138 US sm.fs.tcc@usda.gov

0800 - 1600 MT, M - F pointOfContact asNeeded U.S. USA United States of America Lower 48 Conterminous United States CONUS place 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 temporal Tree Density Digital Spatial Data Tree Canopy Cover Continuous Percent Tree Canopy Remote Sensing GIS Landsat Sentinel-2 LandTrendr theme NGDA National Geospatial Data Asset theme BaseMaps EarthCover Imagery Environment theme Downloadable Data These data were collected using funding from the U.S. Government and can be used without additional permissions or fees. If you use these data in a publication, presentation, or other research product please use the following citation: USDA Forest Service. 2025. USFS Percent Tree Canopy (Science Version) CONUS v2023-5. Salt Lake City, UT. Appropriate use includes regional to national assessments of vegetation cover, land cover, or land use change trends, total extent of vegetation cover, land cover, or land use change, and aggregated summaries of vegetation cover, land cover, or land use change. This product is the initial output from the modeling process. No post-processing (such as applying a minimum mapping unit or manually burning in known features such as roads) has been performed.The USDA Forest Service makes no warranty, expressed or implied, including the warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose, nor assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, reliability, completeness or utility of these geospatial data, or for the improper or incorrect use of these geospatial data. These geospatial data and related maps or graphics are not legal documents and are not intended to be used as such. The data and maps may not be used to determine title, ownership, legal descriptions or boundaries, legal jurisdiction, or restrictions that may be in place on either public or private land. Natural hazards may or may not be depicted on the data and maps, and land users should exercise due caution. The data are dynamic and may change over time. The user is responsible to verify the limitations of the geospatial data and to use the data accordingly. Additionally, the U.S. Forest Service waives copyright and related rights in the work worldwide through the CC0 (which can be found at https://creativecommons.org/public-domain/cc0/). In accordance with Federal civil rights law and U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) civil rights regulations and policies, the USDA, its Agencies, offices, and employees, and institutions participating in or administering USDA programs are prohibited from discriminating based on race, color, national origin, religion, sex, disability, age, marital status, family/parental status, income derived from a public assistance program, political beliefs, or reprisal or retaliation for prior civil rights activity, in any program or activity conducted or funded by USDA (not all bases apply to all programs). Remedies and complaint filing deadlines vary by program or incident. Persons with disabilities who require alternative means of communication for program information (e.g., Braille, large print, audiotape, American Sign Language, etc.) should contact the State or local Agency that administers the program or contact USDA through the Telecommunications Relay Service at 711 (voice and TTY). Additionally, program information may be made available in languages other than English. To file a program discrimination complaint, complete the USDA Program Discrimination Complaint Form, AD-3027, found online at How to File a Program Discrimination Complaint and at any USDA office or write a letter addressed to USDA and provide in the letter all of the information requested in the form. To request a copy of the complaint form, call (866) 632-9992. Submit your completed form or letter to USDA by: (1) mail: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Civil Rights, 1400 Independence Avenue, SW, Mail Stop 9410, Washington, D.C. 20250-9410; (2) fax: (202) 690-7442; or (3) email: program.intake@usda.gov. USDA is an equal opportunity provider, employer, and lender. unclassified none n/a grid eng utf8 environment imageryBaseMapsEarthCover Esri ArcGIS 13.5.0.57366 true -127.97721826351116 -74.1453579514207 22.977993592129742 47.98333795564639 1985-06-01 2023-09-01 Corner Coordinates (center of pixel, meters): upper left: -2361585.0 (X), 3177435.0 (Y); lower right: 2263815.0 (X), 259065.0 (Y). Percent tree canopy cover image Band_1 254 Unified Code of Units of Measure 8 Raster Dataset Kevin Megown USDA Forest Service Field Services and Innovation Center Geospatial Office (FSIC-GO) Program Lead: Resource, Mapping, Inventory and Monitoring 801-975-3826 801-975-3478

125 S. State Street, Suite 7105 Salt Lake City UT 84138 US sm.fs.tcc@usda.gov

0800 - 1600 MT, M – F distributor dataset All years are modeled separately. As such, measurements from one year to another are not inherently dependent on other years See the data quality report for methods Data extend across the lower 48 conterminous United States Model performance metrics including mean of squared residuals and percent variability explained were obtained from the random forest regression model (Breiman, 2001; R Core Team 2024) used to derive tree canopy cover estimates. The maximum mean of squared residuals was 193.6 and the minimum was 90.6. The maximum percent variability explained was 90.1 and the minimum was 60.3. Additionally, 500 random forest trees were used to derive a tree canopy cover prediction for each pixel. Standard errors were calculated for each pixel using the estimates from the 500 trees. The standard errors provide information on the certainty of TCC predictions. We conducted an independent error assessment over the 2011 NLCD TCC v2023.5 map output. Thirty percent of our response data was withheld from model calibration to be used to assess error. In order to account for inconsistencies between the FIA plot location density between different states, along with plots that we did not use due to quality assurance measures, we estimated the area weight of each plot by computing Thiessen polygons for each plot centroid. In order to avoid extremely large weights for edge plots, any plot on the edge assumed the average of the weight of neighboring non-edge plots polygon weights. We then computed the weighted root mean squared error (RMSE) and mean absolute error (MAE) using the reference TCC value as the truth, and the final NLCD TCC 2011 map value as the predicted value.